Jerkbaits are some of the most lethal lures in an anglers box. Their presentation comes as close to live bait as you can get, and when fished correctly, will entice reaction bites from trophy fish. The versatility of these lures is what makes them so attractive to anglers.

Whether you’re doing a straight retrieve or small downward twitches using a countdown minnow or an x-rap, you’re options vary, depending on water, time of year, and species.

But there are factors that make a jerkbait effective and several mistakes you may be making leading your bait to fall short of a good presentation.

A Straight Retrieve

Less action can be good, especially for finicky fish. Ripping an x-rap past a brush pile or rock-wall may have a tendency to spook even the largest fish on the water. But that doesn’t mean no action is necessary.

Most jerk baits like the shadow rap and x-rap are designed specifically to imitate panicked movement. Many anglers new to these baits will use a straight retrieve while unaware of the benefits of imitating an injured minnow.

Always give a sharp jerk in your presentation followed by a pause. Allow your bait to sit, then continue the rhythm.

If you’re fishing in a current, cast out and let your bait hit the water and flow down stream into eddies and seams until your line becomes tight.

Then begin your twitch movement with your rod tip pointed down as you jerk and pause in the seams where fish like to hide. On the pause, your bait will flow with the current, adding a natural presence.

Keeping your movements short and fast with a long pause is the difference between ringing the dinner bell and spooking a fish.

A straight retrieve, especially with a large lure, will present your target fish with a meal too strong and healthy to chase. In other words- not worth the calories spent chasing.

Not Enough Twitch and Pause

You have to jerk and pause! This action is what a jerkbait is designed for. Consider the mind of a fish – if a meal flashes and rolls and then stops on a dime, you’ve established that this is in fact food and it’s allowing you time and distance to close in and snatch it, and its often on the pause you’ll receive a large strike. Allow time to pass while on that pause and watch for your line to jump.

Not Matching the Hatch

Understand the water your’e on. Know the bait fish that are present, understand feeding habits. Are they feeding on insects? minnows? crustaceans? Are they spawning and territorial? This is especially important when fishing for the smart ones that are keyed in to a specific bait fish, nymph, or fish egg.

If your fishing for big rainbow trout, read up on whether there are shad, brown trout, etc. and match the hatch with a jerkbait resembling this. If you see smaller fry feeding on top water bugs, try to match said fry with a similar color pattern.

Also, size matters. There’s nothing wrong with sizing – up your baits but use discretion.

Cautious fish will be hesitant to strike on a bait to big or two small. I’ve always had decent action using a Rapala countdown for deeper pools, especially when surrounded by large boulders and rock walls with a drop off of 10+ feet, allowing me to fish the entire water column.

They’re diet is broad, ranging from smaller fish to crustaceans, squid, and octopus. This allows anglers to play with all sorts of lures and baits that’ll produce action during a striper run.

But there are some dependable baits worth throwing year round that every angler needs to know when surf fishing. These baits will cover organic baits, some found at your local sport tackle – others totally free!

Squid

I like having a bait that’ll stay secure on the hook with a smell that’ll entice a bite. The surf can make cowards of us all – its rough and unforgiving at times.

Even with the right amount of weight anchoring your rig, bait such as shrimp and mackerel will tear off after it begins to soak.

Squid is tough and remains on your line during kelp interference and even after a hook set, which makes it a highly effective bait.

When I’m in the surf and begin to see the birds diving on a school of anchovy followed by a dolphin pod, pushing the fish within feet of the shoreline, I want a bait that’ll not only be there on the hook when they tear through the area, but will send out a stench to entice a few fish to peal off the school.

Anchovies

When surveying the surf, the best sign of a good day to come are diving pelicans, hovering seagulls, and dolphins corralling schools of bait- fish close to land – really close. So why not match the hatch? If possible, depending where you live and what resources are available, live anchovies serve as your best option. Try researching your local bait and tackle shops.

If your unable to obtain live fish, frozen trays are just fine. Another option is to cut your fish into chunks. Providing striper with the closest (or literally the same) bait, in my opinion, is the way to go.

Sand Crabs

Matching the hatch couldn’t be more applicable when dealing with Sand Crabs or commonly known as San Fleas or Pacific Mole Crabs. These smooth little crustaceans are mouthwatering to a striped bass and are abundant along the western coast line from Alaska to Baja California.

As you would imagine, they burry in the sand, hence their long, smooth shell, and powerful shovel – like back legs used for kicking up sand. When trying to locate them, look no further than the glossy sand below your feet – they can be found almost everywhere, and require only that you scoop your hand deep in the sand.

If you prefer efficiency, try using a mesh sand rake. Plant the net into the sand and allow a few waves to pass in and out. If the net is empty, move further out. Generally, you’ll find a good handful of these crabs left in the net. Try to select the biggest and softest. Having a bright orange egg pouch on the bottom side of the crab is a plus.

Striped bass will forage these crabs on an incoming tide – your optimal strike zone. But before I say more, you should know what crabs get the bite over others.

When a mole crab has recently molted it leaves the shell soft and easier to consume for the striper. When hooking a sand crab, punch your hook through the back of the crab, missing its organs and keeping it alive longer. I like to have a natural flutter as the bait rises and falls with the current.

Are you looking to try rock fishing for the first time? The pacific coast-line provides an explosion of fish to target.

If you’re fishing from shore or jigging from a boat, there are some proven techniques that will guarantee hookups.

But first, let me give you an idea whats swimming out there.

Rockfish species

From Lingcod to Yellow Eyed Rockfish, there’s no short supply of tasty, fun fighting fish along the Western coast.

Cabezon can reach 3 feet in length and weigh up to 24 lbs. Females grow larger than males.

California State size regulations are minimum 15 inches to keep. Cabezon (Cabs) are open year round to shore anglers and closed from January 1st to March 31st for boaters.

Cabezon, like other species dwelling near or on the bottom, are a federally managed ground fish.

Lingcod are a species sought by most anglers.

These sea dragons are found along the pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California.

Mean, hard fighting, and veracious hunters, their diet consists of fish, typically greenling, but virtually anything that swims is on the menu, including squid and octopus.

They’ll even grab a rock fish as you’re reeling it in and hold on all the way to the surface ( They call it a hitchhiker.)

California regulation is a minimum of 22″ to keep with a bag limit of two.

So where can you you find them?

Well, your best chances are from a boat. But some, like the one pictured above can be caught from the rocky outcrops along the shore.

Grass Rockfish These fish reside on rocky bottoms and can be found in shallow water -good news for us anglers, as we have access to them from shore.

Grass Rockfish (grassies) can be identified by their olive green complexion, and dark markings along their flanks.

Due to their heavy, compact bodies, grass rockfish are hard fighting and fun to catch. They largely feed on crustaceans and other smaller fish.

Brown Rockfish Like the Grass rockfish, browns are commonly located on rocky bottoms and have a similar diet of crustaceans. They are often confused with grass fish due to a similar body type.

But no worries, they both taste great on fish tacos! As indicated by its name, the brown rock fish will have varying shades of brown on its body.

There are dozens of other rockfish species you can catch from shore or a boat, but these four above are pretty common in both scenarios.

Rock Fishing From Shore

When you’re fishing from shore, you have to remember three things:

Swells are waves that are caused by wind friction, and are measured by their height. You want to look for ideal conditions, as you’ll be standing on rocks, cliff sides, and rocky beaches, so the threat of large waves wouldn’t be fun.

If the swells are rough, the fish will have difficulty honing in on your bait. Remember, rock fish like to stick to one place, so getting your bait close and keeping it there is essential.

Your bait and/or lure can also be swept into rocks causing you to snag. Check online before your trip at both tides and swell.

Tides can range from high to low. A rule of thumb is to fish the incoming tide. This you can also check online.

Try to begin fishing a few hours before the high tide – this will bring the fish in as they feed on crustaceans and smaller bait fish hiding in the rocks.

When the tides recede, so do the fish. They can feel the pressure as the tides move and sure enough, they will follow it.

Structure I would argue that structure is the most important things to look for. All of the species I discussed above require structure both for protection and ambushing prey.

Depending on the structure, you may need to adjust your technique.

Look for rock structures like the one pictured above and cast near them.

Rockfish like to hide along rock walls and boulders, and once you get your bait near them, the smell of squid or fish should entice a bite.

However, pictured above is a tide of about 3-4 feet. Ideally, you’d want a deep hole of about 8- 15 feet. This will allow you to practice more rock fishing techniques.

The reason being, it provides more real-estate for predator fish to hide and the opportunity to throw swim baits and jigs without immediately snagging.

Whether your rock fishing Oregon, California or even Alaska, these principles all apply.

Tackle Set Up

Your techniques will depend on whether you’re fishing from shore or a boat.

Shore fishing often requires that you fish in shallower water. This increases your chances of snagging.

Understand that you’re going to snag often, its all part of rock fishing. So bring backup gear ie extra surf leaders, weights, and hooks.

With that said, bottom fishing can be effective using a high-low rig with a 2-6 oz weight.

Rod – 6-8ft medium heavy rod with 50-130lb.

Line – Your main line should be at least 40 lb. Braided line will give you a better hook set because it doesn’t stretch like mono or fluorocarbon, and its stronger allowing you to cut through kelp.

Even with heavy line, a small rock fish like the one below can feel like a giant.

Weight – This will depend greatly on the swell. If the water is rough use a heavier weight. I like to have 3-5 oz pyramid weights in my box at all times.

Rig – High-low rig or surf leader and 40-60 lb test. Another option would be a feather rig or shrimp fly rig – this is a high -low but with a little flare.

Hooks – I would recommend size 2-4 bait holder hooks barbed.

Bait – Squid outperforms most baits – its tough, allowing you to leave it out for 30-40 minutes before re-baiting, and it gives off a strong odor, enticing a near by fish to bite.

Obstacles

Remember, your bait will be surrounded by rock structures and kelp. If you fish shallow water, be aware that your chances of snags are high, so stick to organic bait on a hook.

Shallow water at an incoming tide will have large amounts of kelp also.

Pictured above is a medium tide. At high tide this area would be mostly underwater and better for fishing.

When reeling in, pull back hard as though setting the hook, and begin reeling fast with your tip straight up. This will bring your rig up and over the rocks and kelp, lowering your chances of snags.

Avoid the snags

You can also use a bobber to stay above the rocks. Just as you would fish fresh water streams, use a steelhead bobber and attach a size 4 hook and a piece of squid.

Lures

Now the fun begins – lure selection! When fishing deeper water, swim baits are a no-fail option.

Big Hammer swim baits are my go-to. They come in different colors and sizes. You’re objective should be to match the natural bait fish of that area like kelp greenling.

You can pair the body with the appropriate jig head as seen below.

How to fish it

When fishing from shore, cast out and let it hit bottom. When you feel the hard, rocky bottom, begin retrieving at a moderate pace, occasionally allowing the bait to fall back to the bottom.

These swim baits are deadly for lingcod and cabezon, and virtually all rock fish will bite also.

Swim Baits can be fished from shore, from jetties, and jigged from a boat, and its this versatility that attracts seasoned anglers.

Rock Fish Jig Set-Up

Although shore fishing can be fun, nothing beats jigging from a boat.

Simply put, Jigging is when you drop your bait down to the bottom, reel in a bit to clear the rock or reef, and jig your bait up and down to entice a bite.

This is the technique you’ll use if you take a charter boat out. Jigging can be done using swim baits and/ or feather rigs but if you want to be specific, try swim baits for larger, more aggressive species, and don’t be shy to increase the size.

When targeting large lingcod or cabezon, a big swim bait like the one above can be deadly. You can even bait your swim bait with a strip of squid for added scent.

Rock fishing is a fun style of angling that you won’t regret trying. If you’re new to techniques above, I would suggest reserving a spot on a charter boat.

Here, they’ll provide all the necessary gear including rods weights and bait.